Human Resources Culture Makes for Top Employer

HR Culture Makes for Top Employer Vincent M. Mendez In 1966 at the North Carolina State University (NCSU), people from eight different colleges where united by the National Institute of Health (NIH). The reason for this gathering of people was to create programming to break down information being created by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The first item was distinguished as Statistical Analysis System (SAS). This offered approach to both the name and corporate beginnings. In 1972 NIH finished subsidizing for the venture. When subsidizing finished the individuals from the group chose to each contribute $5,000.00 every year to proceed with the venture at NCSU. Throughout the following scarcely any years SAS programming was authorized to different organizations over the business range. As more business mentioned the product it was resolved in 1976 by the first engineers to privatize their endeavors. SAS Institute Inc. begun at 2806 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, North Carolina (NC), building situated over the road from NCSU. Before all else the independent venture depended on everybody in the business to know and do everybody elses work. At the point when a shipment of clients manuals showed up, everybody halted what they were doing and shaped a human chain to raise each crate, individual to individual, to extra room on the subsequent floor. (SAS Institute Inc., 2016). All through the remainder of the seventies SAS kept on developing and include representatives. SAS likewise ventured into the worldwide market opening auxiliary office abroad. In 1980 SAS moved to its present Headquarters area in Cary, NC. What makes SAS Institute Inc. an incredible work environment. President James Goodnight put it best in meet by Angus Loten for CIO Journal by The Wall Street Journal. The way of life is the core of the organization and began in the first place. The inquiry and answer follows: SAS is frequently refered to as an incredible work environment. For what reason is it significant for you to keep laborers glad? Since we are keeping up programming for quite a long time and years, and continually improving it and including new highlights and abilities, its imperative to hold the individuals who initially composed it. To do that, weve attempted to make a culture where we have a lot of regard for individuals and that rewards advancement. We have a week after week meeting each Tuesday where we have any number of individuals will come over and do demos of what theyre dealing with, for upper administration, so we get a consistent perspective on all the new things individuals are taking a shot at. (Loten, 2016). Culture is the way to SAS Institute Inc. victory. Worker fulfillment alongside demonstrating their incentive to the organization, was consistently toward the start of the corporate culture of SAS. Early workers have related that first and foremost on Hillsborough road, James H. Goodnight (fellow benefactor and current CEO) would bring everybody in his vehicle down the road to the pizza place. The organization paid for everything during these trips. This was a standard event when 100 clients where included. Adaptable work routines alongside free MMs and breakfast treats were available from the earliest starting point. SAS posted its first organization notice in 1978, which was type composed on a solitary page of paper and posted on the release board. Innovation was not by any means the only development SAS was a pioneer. In the year subsequent to moving to their new area in Cary, NC, SAS kicked off something new opening the principal worker kid care focus in the storm cellar of the Headquarters building. This was choice by the organization to keep representatives (important software engineers) considered not coming back to work after pregnancy. As of right now this was a thought not considered by organizations. This returns to the meeting Goodnight had with the Wall Street Journal in mid 2016. These thoughts started with the arrangement of the organization and years before this sort of data was distinguished as Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). This was the first of the thoughts which made SAS a main organization to work for around the world. Be that as it may, this was not the end. Following the opening of the childcare community, SAS took worker needs to an entire other level. At their central station grounds, they open an amusement and wellness focus. A human services place was open on the grounds to help representatives and families. This was trailed by the opening of a gourmet cafã © to serve dinners to workers. These augmentations gathered SAS grants to incorporate Healthiest Company to Work For by Health and Living Magazine. The human services place has been an important to the two SAS and their representatives. Affirmation by an examination directed related to Duke Health. The finding was accounted for in a news discharge from SAS. Key point was the social insurance place lead to bring down expenses for the two SAS and workers. For a long time, examination pioneer SAS has worked an on location Health Care Center (HCC) for the comfort of representatives and wards. Presently, another examination drove by specialists at Duke Health finds the individuals who utilize the HCC for essential consideration are more averse to require crisis office visits or hospitalizations than the individuals who don't. (SAS Institute Inc., 2016). SAS features these advantages by giving them to all representatives paying little heed to area. This sort of culture is verification of accomplishment in that throughout the years has kept a turnover rate to around four percent. Workers, which are in 149 nations, are given indistinguishable administrations from those at the Headquarters in North Carolina. Presently it isn't possible to fabricate and continue clinical centers at all these area, the organization has adjusted approaches to offer these types of assistance. For example, in remote areas advantages, for example, childcare and clinical are financed with neighborhood specialist organizations. SAS doesn't shroud it achievement in representative fulfillment. This is clear by visiting their site (http://www.sas.com/en_us/vocations/life-at-sas.html). At this area, the organization diagrams what a vocation with SAS would resemble. The feature here is this statement: By dealing with our representatives, the rest deals with itself (SAS Institute Inc., 2016). This area further examines the way of life and advantages. By isolating these two regions the organization can demonstrate its responsibility to workers. Under the umbrella of culture there are eight regions talked about. These all identify with the organization and how it oversees workplace, for example, open style of the executives to laborer relationship, work conditions (school style grounds at central command area), proceeding with representative development, adaptable work routine permitting time during the day for the sake of entertainment and wellness, return ventures (training and volunteer), and preservation. Advantages talks about four regions relating legitimately to the representative: cash, profession, wellbeing, and life. The authors of SAS had a dream and in that vison had the planning that to succeed the organization would not just need to give a top line item however utilize top line individuals. This has made for acclimations to business procedures, which expects changes to SHRM, simple and straightforward. At the end of the day: Organization improvement is a precise way to deal with improving authoritative ability, ie the limit of an association to work adequately so as to accomplish wanted outcomes (Armstrong, 2016, p. 96). The organization culture accommodates change and development. This sort of corporate culture copies SHRM. Much exploration has been completed, which has demonstrated that there is a connection between's acceptable HRM practice and hierarchical execution. (Armstrong, 2016, p. 17). Being on the front line of thoughts which are currently recognized in conversations identified with SHRM helps keep SAS as a main work environment. The way in to this is the manner by which to keep up and go ahead into what's to come. SAS keeps on being a main work environment for a long time. In 2016 Fortune positioned SAS the number two worldwide organization to work for. The purposes behind the positioning originated from Great Place to Work Ââ ® audits which related: At SAS Institute Inc., 94 percent of representatives state their work environment is incredible (Great Place to Work, 2016). The overview gave a survey of employees' opinion of the organization and records all the advantages and projects SAS gives. What was talked about in this paper is by all accounts only the tip of the advantages. SAS by being far cutting edge in the possibility of SHRM keeps on adjusting and change to new world and mechanical turns of events. In doing so has always remembered to give new and current clients extraordinary items and administrations requires those representatives who got them in any case. These practices has kept SAS a pioneer is diagnostic examination and representative fulfillment. References Armstrong, M. (2016). Handbook of Strategic Human Resource Management. In M. Armstrong, Handbook of Strategic Human Resource Management (p. 17 p. 96). Philadelphia: Kogan Page Ltd. Incredible Place to Work. (2016, Aug 24). Extraordinary Place to Work SAS Institute Inc. Recovered from Great Place to Work: http://reviews.greatplacetowork.com/sas Loten, A. (2016, Mar 08). SAS Institute CEO, the Godfather of Analytics, Sees Future in the Past. Recovered from The Wall Street Journal, CIO Journal: http://blogs.wsj.com/cio/2016/03/08/sas-foundation president the-back up parent of-examination sees-future previously/ SAS Institute Inc. (2016, Feb 03). Less ER, emergency clinic visits for boss wellbeing community patients, per significant scholarly clinical focus study. Cary, NC. Recovered Dec 27, 2016, from http://www.sas.com/en_us/news/official statements/2016/february/sas-duke-study-boss social insurance centers.html SAS Institute Inc. (2016, May 10). Life at SAS. Recovered 2016, from SAS, Careers, Life at SAS: http://www.sas.com/en_us/vocations/life-at-sas.html SAS Institute Inc. (2016). SAS Institute Inc. Organization Information. Recovered Dec 27, 2016, from Company History 1976-1980: www.sas.com/en-us/organization infomation.html#1976-1980

In the book aptly titled Hannibal Essay Example for Free

In the book relevantly titled Hannibal Essay In the book relevantly titled Hannibal, Serge Lancel gave a low down article of Rome’s Great Commander life history. Through this book, Lancel means to give a brief record of Hannibal’s enormity to edify a few confusions about the saint, and to diagram how Hannibal arrived at the highest point of progress, as far as war. The book explains Hannibal’s verifiable account from adolescence up to the snapshot of his ruin, to give the peruser an away from of Hannibal’s qualities, qualities, shortcomings, and most particularly his fundamental attributes that made him a genuine saint. Lancel doesn't just set up Hannibal’s inside complexities yet he additionally gave an exact the state of affairs of the Carthaginian world all through the movement of the Great Commander’s life history. With this, Lancel effectively portrayed the demolition of Hellenistic world and the climb of Rome. Hannibal was acquired to world in 247 BCE at Carthage, which was encountering a gigantic misfortune from Rome during the First Punic War (264-241). The mastery of Rome during this period has an incredible impact to youthful Hannibal’s life since he was the oldest child of a Carthaginian general named Hamilcar Barca. At ten years old, Hannibal saw the bit by bit triumph of his dad through the latter’s achievement of different regions for the extension Carthage realm. Many accepted that Hamilcar constrained Hannibal to make a guarantee that the last will have an unending severe dislike to the Roman Empire. Lancel set that these could be prattle just yet this occasion could be valid since Carthaginians have all the motivations to disdain the Romans. When Hamilcar kicked the bucket in 229 BCE, Hasdrubal the Fair (Hamilcar’s child in-law) took on the position, and during his rule he changed the scene fighting by advancing conciliatory methods. Eight years after, Hasdrubal was killed, which cleared path for Hannibal’s commandership over the Carthaginian state army in Iberia. From discretionary practice, Hannibal returned to his dad approach of fight, which is forceful in nature. His first assault was towards the locals of Salamanca in 220 BCE, followed the seizure Santagnum, which prompted a contention with the Romans in light of the fact that during Hasdrubal matchless quality, Carthage and Rome made a settlement to forestall any contradiction between the two realms. Carthage and Rome experienced an exchange, and keeping in mind that it is going Hannibal proceeded with his objective of expanding his region. At the point when he totally attacked the Iberian Peninsula the Carthage-Rome relationship intensified and slung the Second Punic War. Rome conveyed support in Sicily, while Hannibal caused an intense move in ambushing Italy before the previous to can set themselves up in the taking up arms. The current war allowed Hannibal a chance to get the help Gaul volunteer army, which at long last made his military all the more remarkable, and came about, to his second triumph at Trebia River. In March 217 BCE, the Great Commander series of wins sustained however in a heartbreaking occasion he lost one of his eyes (a few history specialists placed that this due to opthamalia) during the war. Roman militia’s power reduced as the war went on, in a surprising luck their diplomat Flaminius was trapped close to the Trasimene Lake. Along these lines, Hannibal eradicated two Roman armies, yet it didn't prevent Rome and its partners from connecting with and proceeding with the war. Rather, they bothered the contention when Quintus Fabius Maximus was picked to be Rome’s despot. The Roman committee recommended an end-all be-all war, wherein they were fruitful at its first fight at Cannae however they were in the end vanquished when Carthaginian armed force overpowered them in a round arrangement. A few of Roman partners was so frustrated with consequence of the Second Punic War, they chose to turn their back with Rome and chose to join the Carthage Empire. At that point at age of thirty, Capua was set up as Hannibal’s capital in Italy. He instructed his sibling Mago Barca to relate the uplifting news in Carthage and in doing as such; Mago emptied many brilliant rings taken from the crushed dead bodies of Roman armed force, while he was entering the passage corridor of the Carthaginian senate. In any case, Roman chamber, alongside their outstanding partners, despite everything opposed any concurrence with Hannibal. At that point the Great Commander chose to make a partnership with the Macedonian realm, which he obtained through the endorsement of King Philip V of Macedonia. With this endorsement, the Carthaginian powers were joined by Syracuse powers in 214 BCE. Rome didn't waver; rather, they began a collusion with the Aetolia since this Greek town has a contest with Macedonia. In the undying want of Hannibal to grow his region, he sought after Cumae and Puteoli ports, with the end goal for him to fortify his volunteer army, however because of this, Rome found a chance to recapture its nation’s certainty and to begin once again on the grounds that Hannibal dismissed his offensives in Central Italy. In 212 BCE, Hannibal tasted his first disappointment.

Coloring Mandalas as a Meditation Technique

Coloring Mandalas as a Meditation Technique Meditation Print How to Use Coloring Mandalas as a Meditation Technique By Cathy Wong Updated on February 03, 2020 martin-dm / Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Meditation Happiness Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All The simple act of coloring a picture can be quite beneficial in relieving stress and anxiety. One popular way to do this is to color mandalas and use it as a form of meditation. This form of art therapy has become popular among adults as well as children because it is a relaxing exercise that can take your mind off of other things.  Studies have shown that the geometric circles known as mandalas can be particularly beneficial over other types of drawings. What Is a Mandala? In Sanskrit, the word  mandala  means circle. Circles are a powerful symbol found in every culture. We see them in halos, prayer wheels, and other religious symbols as well as  architecture and nature. Mandalas are sacred circles that have long been used to facilitate meditation in the Indian and Tibetan religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. Many other religions, including Christianity, Native Americans, and Taoists, have incorporated mandalas into their spiritual practices as well. Mandalas may be actual drawings or paintings. They may also be temporary creations, such as sand mandalas, which are often ceremoniously dismantled after completion. The main circle shape of a mandala is filled with a variety of geometric shapes and symbols. These are  often repeated in symmetrical patterns using bold color schemes. The process of creating mandalas is as important as viewing the finished work. The intent of both stages is to center the mind and body, which is why they are an ideal tool for meditation. Mandalas as Art Therapy Mandalas as a form of meditation are entering medicine as a healing tool. An increasing body of clinical trials suggests that meditation may reduce stress, combat depression, reduce pain, and lower blood pressure. It may also  boost the immune system and stimulate the release of  melatonin, a hormone believed to slow cell aging and promote sleep. Mandalas are not just something to look at or meditate on. There are now mandala coloring books which can be useful to anyone.  Coloring a mandala  using pencil crayons, crayons, paint, or pastels combines the benefits of meditation and art therapy into a simple practice that can be done at any time and place.   People who color mandalas often experience a deep sense of calm and well-being. Its a simple tool that doesnt require any expertise, but it can be remarkably soothing and nourishing. Mandalas not only focus your attention but also allow you to express your creative side, which many of us neglect in our daily lives. They can be particularly useful for: Children: Coloring mandalas can help children deal with emotions and cope with illness. Instead of verbalizing their feelings, many children express themselves through color and art. Psychologist Barbara Sourkes, Ph.D., has used these color-feeling wheels for children with cancer and their siblings. She notes that it can be used with children  as young as 3-years-old and that its an exercise in which they dont fear giving away their feelings as a typical childrens drawing might.People with a terminal illness: The University of California at Irvine Cancer Center and the University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center are just two cancer centers that have offered mandala workshops to cancer survivors.People who  want to quit smoking: For the same reason that many smokers take up knitting when they quit, coloring mandalas can keep your hands occupied and help relieve stress. You can bring your mandala book with you so you can pick it up for several minutes at a time whenever you feel the urge to smoke. However, mandalas  are not for everyone. Coloring a mandala involves repetitive movements and gripping. This can aggravate the pain of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis in the fingers. It can cause pain in people with carpal tunnel syndrome, lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow), and other forms of repetitive strain injuries as well. How to Color a Mandala There is not much to coloring a mandala for meditation purposes. It requires just a few simple steps and some time when you can be alone. You will need crayons, pencil crayons, chalks, pastels, paint, or markers in a variety of colors.Print a mandala or use a mandala coloring book.Find a quiet and comfortable place where you can work comfortably with no distractions.Start coloring. When coloring, try not to think too much about your choice of color and dont worry about matching colors. Let your instincts guide you. After you begin with the first color, the rest will follow naturally. Susan F. Fincher, the author of numerous mandala coloring books, says, One color on the mandala invites another, like a guest who asks to bring his friend to your party. Find Mandalas to Color There are numerous resources where you can find mandalas to color and integrate into your meditation practice. Websites such as ColorMandala.com allow you to print mandalas from your computer. You can also find mandala coloring books, such as Finchers books from Shambhala Publications. Yet another option is to draw your own mandala. By using basic drawing tools such as a compass and protractor, you can create your own geometric patterns to color as well. Theyre quite simple and there are no right or wrong ways to draw them, simply begin creating shapes within a large circle. A Word From Verywell The repetitive process of coloring the geometric shapes within a mandala can be beneficial to people of all ages. Try to avoid the notion that coloring is just for kids. Instead, use it as a constructive way to find some quiet time to soothe your thoughts from any stress and anxiety you may be feeling. The relief you find may just surprise you.

Bullying And Its Effect On Society - 1060 Words

What is bullying? Google’s online dictionary defines bullying as using superior strength or influence to intimidate (someone), typically to force him or her to do what one wants. Many define bullying as physically, mentally, emotionally, and psychologically degrading another living being. Bullying has become a growing issue around the world. The act of bullying can begin with a small eye roll, but within a short period of time it can escalate to abuse. Bullying is an issue that cannot be taken lightly. The consequences of bullying can be lethal, encourage a never-ending cycle of bullying, and have long term mental effects. In a recent survey conducted at Elise P. Buckingham Charter Magnet High School, the results indicated that bullying is still an issue. It is not clear how bullying can be completely eradicated, but there are ways of preventing it from increasing in society. Introduction The overall topic of the recent findings discusses bullying and the major problems that are caused by bullying. The general definition of bullying is any form of aggression action towards another person in order to feel superior. Often times, for no justifiable reason. It has become clear to many people that bullying is a continuous problem that seems to have no solution. Bullying is a topic of interest that needs to be addressed. Bullying is a destructive force because the experiences can vary in severity, deteriorate a person’s self-esteem, and can have disastrous consequences.Show MoreRelatedBullying And Its Effects On Society983 Words   |  4 Pagesother countries. Today’s youth have experienced nearly twice as much bullying than past generations. In the United States it is shown that forty-eight percent of junior high and high school students have been bullied. Seventy percent of all grade school students in the United States say they have bullied or have seen a fellow classmate bullied. The types of bullying in today’s schools include: physical, social, verbal, and cyber bullying. This is a problem that has been brought to the attention of schoolRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society1546 Words   |  7 Pages13, 2014 Bullying Continues to Worsen Rudeness can be defined in many ways, but the definition most fitting for this topic would be, lack of manners, discourtesy. It’s been around since the beginning of time, but it’s become increasingly popular in today’s society. There are infinite ways someone could be rude to others, for example not holding a door for the next person, making fun of someone, or even disrupting someone. One big problem in today’s generation is bullying. THESIS: Bullying has increasedRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Society1633 Words   |  7 Pagesmay be exploited is through the familiar conviction of bullying. Bullying has been entrenched in American society as a relevant issue for quite some time. The word â€Å"bully† derives back from as far as the 1530’s. In 1838, the novel, Oliver Twist, exhibited the first use of bullying within literary work. Years later, in 1862, the first account of bullying was reported. Over one hundred years following this, th e first proposition of an anti-bullying law was constructed. As time has persisted, the issueRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesBullying, or being bullied, was once thought of as a normal process of growing up that had little to no impact in life. Now, it has become lethal enough to even go as far to convince one to end their life or commit a felony. The action of bullying a person has increased not just physically but also through the cyberspace world. As the world’s internet continues to expand with more social media and entertainment pages like Facebook, WorldStarHipHop, video blogging website, music video promotersRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society1313 Words   |  6 PagesBullying is defined as a use of superior strength or influence to intimidate someone, typically to force him or her to do what one wants. The bully and those who are bullied can be of any age; bullying does not discriminate. There are a number of ps ychological causes and effects that can cause bullying and also the lasting effects of. However, in order to understand the psychology behind bullying, one must understand the reasons that influence one to become a bully and the effects it can have onRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society1957 Words   |  8 PagesBullying is defined as â€Å"unwanted, aggressive behavior among people that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time. Both persons who are bullied and who bully others may have serious, lasting problems.† In this day and age, there are so many places advertising a no bullying sentiment or trying to get people to donate money or read about how to stop the bullying that goes on in high school. These websites and foundations areRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society2270 Words   |  10 PagesBullying is arguably one of the most common vices in our contemporary society that affec ts individuals across different settings in the society. Most people associate bullying with schools and teenagers, but the practice cuts across almost all institutions in the modern-day American society. People get bullied at workplaces and even in public institutions when seeking for public services. Bullying entails the use of perceived superior power by an individual to intimidate, threaten, or harm anotherRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Society Essay2475 Words   |  10 PagesIt seems bullying has existed since the beginning of humanity. As we saw in the video during class, Competitiveness was first to arise before cooperation. The dynamics of bullying however are ever-changing and pose an even larger threat to society than ever before. From elementary school to high school, even in college and beyond. The various environments, the internet, work place and even at home. The variables of bullying have changed so dramatically over a considerably short passage of time,Read M oreBullying And Its Effects On Society1932 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Bullying, a social issue that has been most associated with adolescent aggressive behavior from one to another, has expanded from the realms of the school halls to the Internet. But as laws have been passed and legislation enacted, are these adolescent populations still vulnerable? This paper describes the definition of bullying, power imbalance or struggle, public reaction, policies, public laws or administration rules, implementation of social welfare programs, actual impact, legislativeRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society1309 Words   |  6 PagesIt is very important for teachers to take a bigger approach on bullying because it can go undetected, be harmful to students, and have a negative impact on families. This also will make the environment where the bullying is taking place a negative place for others. Other people may say that they should just move then they can have a fresh start. However it is absolutely critical for schools to take a bigger approach towards bull ying because it can go undetected, be harmful to the victim and others

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1810 Words

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a controversial tale which follows a young white boy and a runaway slave on their journey along the Mississippi, has spurred large debate surrounding fundamental elements of society and has continued to entertain a wide audience for over a century. Whether it’s the humanized runaway slave, the realistic and intelligent adolescent, the outrageous characters, or perhaps the charming vernacular, this adventurous story is arguably the source of â€Å"all modern American literature† (Hemingway 22). Mark Twain, the author of such an illustrious text, is an exalted raconteur who utilized frank humor, satire, and regional culture and dialect to convey his typically negative beliefs about society and morality. His†¦show more content†¦His sole reason for reconnecting with Huck is to obtain the $6000 of treasure that he believed Huck owned. In order for Pap to reinforce his dominance over Huck, the two relocate to â€Å"the old log hu t...where the timber was so thick you couldn’t find it if you didn’t know where it is† (Twain 25). The isolated and seemingly inescapable abode symbolizes the difficulty of emerging from the exploitation and abuse of Pap’s toxic tendencies. Pap’s perpetual struggle to remain superior to Huck caused him to abuse Huck–both physically and mentally. When Pap is formally introduced, Huck says that â€Å"I used to be so scared of him all the time, he [beat] me so much† (Twain 20)–clearly a sign of physical abuse. Pap also demeans Huck by making everything Huck does about him: â€Å"You’re educated, too, they say...You think you’re better’n your father, now, don’t you, because he can’t?† (Twain 21). One tactic used by many abusers is centering the actions of the person being abused in order to make them feel guilty for trying to better themselves and assert dominance in the relationship–which Pap clearly does against Huck although Huck’s formal education likely had little to do with aggravating his father. Through Pap’s abusive and rapacious mannerisms, Twain illuminates the corruption of seeking social dominance for no reason other than superiority and connote it with abuse. Unfortunately for Huck, the materialism and self-centered personalities of those around him continue to

Water Pollution Free Essays

Water is a very important part of our lives. We use it for nearly everything – drinking, food preparation, laundry, dishes, hygiene, etc. We swim in it, boat in it, and play in it. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution or any similar topic only for you Order Now In fact, 70% of our world is covered in water. However, 97% of that water is saltwater and we are unable to drink it, leaving only three percent of the planet’s water drinkable. But two percent of the world’s freshwater is frozen in glaciers and ice caps. Only one percent of this freshwater can be used and consumed. Therefore, it is especially important to care for the very limited amount of freshwater we have. Unfortunately, we take advantage of this precious resource. We make choices that have a negative impact on water and the creatures that live in and near water. This negative impact is called water pollution. Ningthoujam Sandhyarani wrote that , â€Å"Water pollution is an undesirable change in the water contaminated with harmful substances. † (Sandhyarani, n. d. ) It is one of the most major forms of pollution, second only to air pollution. Every year, 1. 2 trillion gallons of polluted water are discarded into United States waters and once water is polluted, it is complicated and difficult to extract the pollutants from the water. There are three main sources of contaminants that cause water pollution. These are industrial, domestic, and agricultural sources. Industrial pollutants can be traced back to manufacturing and processing plants. They can consist of chemicals and organic waste. Many large-scale industries have created their own methods of treating their wastewater. But smaller industries do not always have the means to properly care for their waste, leading to industrial water pollution. It is both expensive and laborious to properly treat and dispose of wastewater from industrial sources. Domestic wastewater is produced by our daily household tasks. It is composed of organic materials, including food and human waste, and inorganic materials, such as detergents, soaps, and the chemicals we use for cleaning. Domestic waste contains phosphates and nitrates that, if not properly treated, can lead to eutrophication and the growth of algae. The Missouri Botanical Garden defined eutrophication as, â€Å"The process of rapid plant growth followed by increased activity by decomposers and depletion in the oxygen level. (Missouri Botanical Garden, 2006) Eutrophication leads to the suffocation of fish and other organisms living in our lakes and rivers. The third major source of water pollution is agricultural waste. This includes manure, runoff and silt, pesticides, and fertilizers. The nutrients found in agricultural waste also lead to eutrophication if this waste is not properly disposed. If we do not treat wastewater properly, our health and the health of our environment can suffer. Polluted water can cause major declines in fish and wildlife populations. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA), of rivers in the United States are too polluted to support the survival of aquatic life. Beaches, lakes, and rivers may be closed because of water pollution and polluted water is unsafe for drinking and cooking, as it is capable of carrying harmful diseases and infections. Abhijit Naik noted that, in a study conducted by the World Water Assessment Program, â€Å"Two million tons of human waste is disposed in water bodies every single day. † (Naik, 2010) Thankfully, there is much being done to try to put an end to the pollution of water. One of the first and most prominent examples is the The Clean Water Act of 1972, put into effect by the U. S. EPA: â€Å"The Clean Water Act (CWA) establishes the basic structure for regulating and discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States and regulating quality standards for surface waters†¦Under the CWA, EPA has implanted pollution control programs such as setting wastewater standards for industry. We have also set water quality standards for all contaminants in surface waters. The CWA made it unlawful to discharge any pollutant from a point source into navigable waters, unless a permit is obtained. † (U. S. EPA, n. d. ) However, we cannot simply rely on the rules and regulations set by others. We must also make decisions that will have a positive impact on our water. We can do this by being more mindful of how we are using water and what we are putting into it. We can also educate others and ourselves about the importance of caring for water and the ecosystems that thrive on it, because we are equally responsible for the care of our most valuable resource. How to cite Water Pollution, Papers Water Pollution Free Essays Water is considered to be a vital resource for production growth, industrial development, have led to structured measures to ensure sustainable management of this important resource. Water scarcity and pollution rank equal to climate charge as the most complicated environmental problems for the 21st century[1]. Today, water pollution is one of the most important environmental problems in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution or any similar topic only for you Order Now The current rise in mortality is caused by the recent evaluation of drug- resistant, inaccessibility to effective health care facilities and the introduction of industrial by products to the environment. One of such industrial by-products threatening the environment worldwide today is pesticides residues. Reports have shown that presence of pesticide in the environment and the threat they pose to wild life and mankind have generated great concern in the past 20 years[2]. The on-growing and uncontrolled use of pesticides to fight pest and improve agricultural production constitutes a risk for water quality. Thus, pesticides have been detected in water by monitoring surface and underground waters. The most frequently found types of pesticides in water bodies are derivatives of urea, pyridazinone, phenoxy acetic acid, tryazin and the group of chlorinated pesticides[3]. Pesticides are broadly classified into two groups as chemical pesticides and biopesticides. Chemical pesticides are conventionally synthetic materials that directly kill or inactivate the pest. Pesticides are also classified according to the type of organism they act against as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides and Nematicides[4]. Herbicides are used to destroy other weeds that interfere with production of the desired crop. Based on their structure they are grouped into chlorophenoxy compounds (eg 2,4-D, 2,4,5,-T), dinitrophenols (2- methyl- 4,6- dinitro phenol), bipyridy compounds (paraquot, carbomate herbicides, substituted urea, triazines) and amide herbicides (alanine derivatives) [5]. Phenoxy herbicides (PHs) are among compounds among currently the most frequently used pesticides worldwide. They have been used on large scale in agriculture to control the growth of broad -leaved weeds on rice, maize and wheat and in post emergence application in most developing countries[6,7]. Among them, 2,4- dichlorophenoxy aceticacid ( 2,4-D) is a common important PHs (Figure 1) that is selective herbicide extensively used throughout the world including Ethiopia for the past 50 years. These types of herbicides family are popular among the farmers because of their low cost, effectiveness even in low doses and good water solubility. Figure 1: Structural formula of 2,4- dichlorophenoxy acetic acid However, there is information gap in our farmer about the toxicity level of herbicides [8]. Herbicides are commonly formulated into two forms including sprayed liquid and dry solids. Herbicids are widely used all over the world. figure 2 shows the statistic of pesticide usage worldwide, according to its categories for the year of 2011.. As shown in Figure 2, the total usage of herbicides in worldwide accounted as (36 %) followed by insecticides (25 %), fungicides (10%) and other pesticides including namaticides, rodenticides, fumigants, birds, fish and aquatic fish (29 %)[9]. How to cite Water Pollution, Papers Water Pollution Free Essays Cameron Mency Persuasive Essay March 5, 2011 Mrs. Peart Did you know that 10,000,000 people die each year just from drinking polluted water? Well, that’s a true fact! There are three main reasons that we need to prevent water pollution. Humans and animals can become poisoned, we are harming our environment, and the last reason is because of the amount of organisms dying. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Can you believe that this all happens just because of water pollution? First, we will focus on humans and animals being poisoned. When humans and animals drink water that is contaminated they can become sick. One of the sicknesses is Typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is the ingestion of water contaminated with feces of an infected person. Hepatitis A virus is a virus that can manifest itself in water. When humans and animals bathe in contaminated water they can become sick from the pollutants in the water. One of the sicknesses is Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease. ) Dracunculiasis is stagnant (or still) water that contains larvae. Do you boil water in order to cook pasta or make vegetables? Well if you do, the water you’re using might be contaminated. A sickness that you can get from food cooked with contaminated water is E. coli Infection. E. coli infection is water with bacteria in it. So imagine having bacteria in your pasta or vegetables, that’s gross! This is one reason we need to try prevent water pollution. Next, we will focus on how water pollution harms our environment. Oceans, lakes, and etc. can become polluted because of the dirt, chemicals, and other pollutants. When your parents are working in the garden do you see them sprinkling different things on the grass? When you water your lawn, can you see the dirty water run down the driveway or the side walk? If you said yes to these questions you are polluting water. The chemicals that your parents put in the grass are in the water that is running off into the driveway or on the sidewalk. Do you or your parents water the plants around the house and outside? The water with all of the chemicals in it might be the water you are using to water the plants. If this is the same water your plants can die. This can happen with all other bodies of water and plants, too. If you spray Febreze by a plant there is a good chance the Febreze will go into the plant’s roots. If the Febreze gets into the plant’s roots the plant can die. This can also happen with trees and other plants. Finally, we will focus on the amount of organisms dying from water pollution. As you read in the first paragraph that 10,000,000 people die each year from drinking polluted water. That’s crazy! Exxon Valdez was the name of the oil spill that occurred in Alaska during the year 1989. This oil spill caused 39,100 animals to die. As you can see, water pollution is not only bad for animals, but also for humans. Encourage your parents to do simple things that will make a big difference because if you don’t now, pollution will come back later in the future and bite us all right in the butt! How to cite Water Pollution, Papers Water Pollution Free Essays Water pollution: An Introduction Over two thirds of Earth’s surface is covered by  water; less than a third is taken up by land. As Earth’s population continues to grow, people are putting ever-increasing pressure on the planet’s water resources. In a sense, our oceans,  rivers, and other inland waters are being â€Å"squeezed† by human activities—not so they take up less room, but so their quality is reduced. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Poorer water quality means  water pollution. We know that pollution is a  human problem  because it is a relatively recent development in the planet’s history: before the 19th century Industrial Revolution, people lived more in harmony with their immediate environment. As industrialization has spread around the globe, so the problem of pollution has spread with it. When Earth’s population was much smaller, no one believed pollution would ever present a serious problem. It was once popularly believed that the oceans were far too big to pollute. Today, with around 7 billion people on the planet, it has become apparent that there are limits. Pollution is one of the signs that humans have exceeded those limits. How serious is the problem? According to the environmental campaign organization WWF:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Pollution from toxic chemicals threatens life on this planet. Every ocean and every continent, from the tropics to the once-pristine polar regions, is contaminated. † [pic] Photo: Detergent pollution entering a river. Photo courtesy of  US Fish Wildlife Service Photo Library. I. What is water pollution? Water pollution can be defined in many ways. Usually, it means one or more substances have built up in water to such an extent that they cause problems for animals or people. Oceans, lakes, rivers, and other inland waters can naturally clean up a certain amount of pollution by dispersing it harmlessly. If you poured a cup of black ink into a river, the ink would quickly disappear into the river’s much larger volume of clean water. The ink would still be there in the river, but in such a low concentration that you would not be able to see it. At such low levels, the chemicals in the ink probably would not present any real problem. However, if you poured gallons of ink into a river every few seconds through a pipe, the river would quickly turn black. The chemicals in the ink could very quickly have an effect on the quality of the water. This, in turn, could affect the health of all the plants, animals, and humans whose lives depend on the river. Thus, water pollution is all about  quantities: how much of a polluting substance is released and how big a volume of water it is released into. A small quantity of a toxic chemical may have little impact if it is spilled into the ocean from a ship. But the same amount of the same chemical can have a much bigger impact pumped into a lake or river, where there is less clean water to disperse it. Water pollution almost always means that some damage has been done to an ocean, river, lake, or other water source. A 1971 United Nations report defined ocean pollution as: â€Å"The introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries) resulting in such deleterious effects as harm to living resources, hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities, including fishing, impairment of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities. Fortunately, Earth is forgiving and damage from water pollution is often reversible. . . [pic] Photo: Pollution means adding substances to the environment that don’t belong there—like the  air pollution  from this smokestack. Pollution is not always as obvious as this, however. Photo courtesy of  US Department of Energy/National Renewable Energy Laboratory (US DOE/NREL) II. What are the main types of water pollution? When we think of Earth’s water re sources, we think of huge oceans, lakes, and rivers. Water resources like these are called  surface waters. The most bvious type of water pollution affects surface waters. For example, a spill from an oil tanker creates an oil slick that can affect a vast area of the ocean. Not all of Earth’s water sits on its surface, however. A great deal of water is held in underground rock structures known as aquifers, which we cannot see and seldom think about. Water stored underground in aquifers is known as  groundwater. Aquifers feed our rivers and supply much of our drinking water. They too can become polluted, for example, when weed killers used in people’s gardens drain into the ground. Groundwater pollution is much less obvious than surface-water pollution, but is no less of a problem. In 1996, a study in Iowa in the United States found that over half the state’s groundwater wells were contaminated with weed killers. Surface waters and groundwater are the two types of water resources that pollution affects. There are also two different ways in which pollution can occur. If pollution comes from a single location, such as a discharge pipe attached to a factory, it is known as  point-source pollution. Other examples of point source pollution include an oil spill from a tanker, a discharge from a smoke stack (factory chimney), or someone pouring oil from their car down a drain. A great deal of water pollution happens not from one single source but from many different scattered sources. This is called  nonpoint-source pollution. [pic] Photo: Above: Point-source pollution comes from a single, well-defined place such as this pipe. Below: Nonpoint-source pollution comes from many sources. All the industrial plants alongside a river and the ships that service them may be polluting the river collectively. Both photos courtesy of  US Fish Wildlife Service Photo Library. When point-source pollution enters the environment, the place most affected is usually the area immediately around the source. For example, when a tanker accident occurs, the oil slick is concentrated around the tanker itself and, in the right ocean conditions, the pollution disperses the further away from the tanker you go. This is less likely to happen with nonpoint source pollution which, by definition, enters the environment from many different places at once. Sometimes pollution that enters the environment in one place has an effect hundreds or even thousands of miles away. This is known as  transboundary pollution. One example is the way radioactive waste travels through the oceans from nuclear reprocessing plants in England and France to nearby countries such as Ireland and Norway. III. How do we know when water is polluted? Some forms of water pollution are very obvious: everyone has seen  TV  news footage of oil slicks filmed from  helicopters  flying overhead. Water pollution is usually less obvious and much harder to detect than this. But how can we measure water pollution when we cannot see it? How do we even know it’s there? There are two main ways of measuring the quality of water. One is to take samples of the water and measure the concentrations of different chemicals that it contains. If the chemicals are dangerous or the concentrations are too great, we can regard the water as polluted. Measurements like this are known as  chemical indicators  of water quality. Another way to measure water quality involves examining the fish, insects, and other invertebrates that the water will support. If many different types of creatures can live in a river, the quality is likely to be very good; if the river supports no fish life at all, the quality is obviously much poorer. Measurements like this are called  biological indicators  of water quality. IV. What are the causes of water pollution? Most water pollution doesn’t begin in the water itself. Take the oceans: around 80 percent of ocean pollution enters our seas from the land. Virtually any human activity can have an effect on the quality of our water environment. When farmers fertilize the fields, the chemicals they use are gradually washed by rain into the groundwater or surface waters nearby. Sometimes the causes of water pollution are quite surprising. Chemicals released by smokestacks (chimneys) can enter the atmosphere and then fall back to earth as rain, entering seas, rivers, and lakes and causing water pollution. That’s called  atmospheric deposition. Water pollution has many different causes and this is one of the reasons why it is such a difficult problem to solve. Sewage With billions of people on the planet, disposing of sewage waste is a major problem. According to  2004 figures  from the World Health Organization, some 1. 1 billion people (16 percent of the world’s population) don’t have access to safe drinking water, while 2. 6 billion (40 percent of the world’s population) don’t have proper sanitation (hygienic toilet facilities); the position hasn’t improved much since. Sewage disposal affects people’s immediate environments and leads to water-related illnesses such as diarrhea that kills 3-4 million children each year. According to the World Health Organization, water-related diseases could kill 135 million people by 2020. ) In developed countries, most people have  flush toilets  that take sewage waste quickly and hygienically away from their homes. Yet the problem of sewage disposal does not end there. When you flush the toilet, the waste has to go somewhere and, even after it leaves the sewa ge treatment works, there is still waste to dispose of. Sometimes sewage waste is pumped untreated into the sea. Until the early 1990s, around 5 million tons of sewage was dumped by barge from New York City each year. The population of Britain produces around 300 million gallons of sewage every day, some of it still pumped untreated into the sea through long pipes. The New River that crosses the border from Mexico into California carries with it 20-25 million gallons (76-95 million liters) of raw sewage each day. Even in rich nations, the practice of dumping sewage into the sea continues. In early 2012, it was  reported  that the tiny island of Guernsey (between Britain and France) has decided to continue dumping 16,000 tons of raw sewage into the sea each day. In theory, sewage is a completely natural substance that should be broken down harmlessly in the environment: 90 percent of sewage is water. In practice, sewage contains all kinds of other chemicals, from the pharmaceutical drugs people take to the  paper,  plastic, and other wastes they flush down their toilets. When people are sick with viruses, the sewage they produce carries those viruses into the environment. It is possible to catch illnesses such as hepatitis, typhoid, and cholera from river and sea water. [pic] Photo: During crop-spraying, some chemicals will drain into the soil. Eventually, they seep into rivers and other watercourses. Photo courtesy of  US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (ARS). Nutrients Suitably treated and used in moderate quantities, sewage can be a fertilizer: it returns important nutrients to the environment, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which plants and animals need for growth. The trouble is, sewage is often released in much greater quantities than the natural environment can cope with. Chemical fertilizers used by farmers also add nutrients to the soil, which drain into rivers and seas and add to the fertilizing effect of the sewage. Together, sewage and fertilizers can cause a massive increase in the growth of algae or plankton that overwhelms huge areas of oceans, lakes, or rivers. This is known as a  harmful algal bloom  (also known as an HAB or red tide, because it can turn the water red). It is harmful because it removes oxygen from the water that kills other forms of life, leading to what is known as a  dead zone. The Gulf of Mexico has one of the world’s most spectacular dead zones. Each summer, it grows to an area of around 7000 square miles (18,000 square kilometers), which is about the same size as the state of New Jersey. Waste water A few statistics illustrate the scale of the problem that waste water (chemicals washed down drains and discharged from factories) can cause. Around half of all ocean pollution is caused by sewage and waste water. Each year, the world generates 400 billion tons of industrial waste, much of which is pumped untreated into rivers, oceans, and other waterways. In the United States alone, around 400,000 factories take clean water from rivers, and many pump polluted waters back in their place. However, there have been major improvements in waste water treatment recently. For example, in the United States over the last 30 years, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has spent $70 billion improving treatment plants that now serve about 85 percent of the US population. Factories are point sources of water pollution, but quite a lot of water is polluted by ordinary people from nonpoint sources; this is how ordinary water becomes waste water in the first place. Virtually everyone pours chemicals of one sort or another down their drains or toilets. Even  detergents  used in  washing machines  anddishwashers  eventually end up in our rivers and oceans. So do the pesticides we use on our gardens. A lot of toxic pollution also enters waste water from highwayrunoff. Highways are typically covered with a cocktail of toxic chemicals—everything from spilled fuel and  brake  fluids to bits of worn tires (themselves made from chemical additives) and exhaust emissions. When it rains, these chemicals wash into drains and rivers. It is not unusual for heavy summer rainstorms to wash toxic chemicals into rivers in such concentrations that they kill large numbers of fish overnight. It has been estimated that, in one year, the highway runoff from a single large city leaks as much oil into our water environment as a typical tanker spill. Some highway runoff runs away into drains; others can pollute groundwater or accumulate in the land next to a road, making it increasingly toxic as the years go by. Chemical waste Detergents are relatively mild substances. At the opposite end of the spectrum are highly toxic chemicals such as  polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). They were once widely used to manufacture  electronic  circuit boards, but their harmful effects have now been recognized and their use is highly restricted in many countries. Nevertheless, an estimated half million tons of PCBs were discharged into the environment during the 20th century. In a classic example of transboundary pollution, traces of PCBs have even been found in birds and fish in the Arctic. They were carried there through the oceans, thousands of miles from where they originally entered the environment. Although PCBs are widely banned, their effects will be felt for many decades because they last a long time in the environment without breaking down. Another kind of toxic pollution comes from  heavy metals, such as  lead, cadmium, and mercury. Lead was once commonly used in gasoline (petrol), though its use is now restricted in some countries. Mercury and cadmium are still used in  batteries  (though some brands now use other metals instead). Until recently, a highly toxic chemical called tributyltin (TBT) was used in paints to protect boats from the ravaging effects of the oceans. Ironically, however, TBT was gradually recognized as a pollutant: boats painted with it were doing as much damage to the oceans as the oceans were doing to the boats. The best known example of heavy metal pollution in the oceans took place in 1938 when a Japanese factory discharged a significant amount of mercury metal into Minamata Bay, contaminating the fish stocks there. It took a decade for the problem to come to light. By that time, many local people had eaten the fish and around 2000 were poisoned. Hundreds of people were left dead or disabled. Radioactive waste People view radioactive waste with great alarm—and for good reason. At high enough concentrations it can kill; in lower concentrations it can cause cancers and other illnesses. The biggest sources of radioactive pollution in Europe are two factories that reprocess waste fuel from  nuclear power plants: Sellafield on the north-west coast of Britain and Cap La Hague on the north coast of France. Both discharge radioactive waste water into the sea, which oc of Britain and Cap La Hague on the north coast of France. Both discharge radioactive waste water into the sea, which ocean currents then carry around the world. Countries such as Norway, which lie downstream from Britain, receive significant doses of radioactive pollution from Sellafield. The Norwegian government has repeatedly complained that Sellafield has increased radiation levels along its coast by 6-10 times. Both the Irish and Norwegian governments continue to press for the plant’s closure. Oil pollution When we think of ocean pollution, huge black oil slicks often spring to mind, yet these spectacular accidents represent only a tiny fraction of all the pollution entering our oceans. Even considering oil by itself, tanker spills are not as significant as they might seem: only 12% of the oil that enters the oceans comes from tanker accidents; over 70% of oil pollution at sea comes from routine shipping and from the oil people pour down drains on land. However, what makes tanker spills so destructive is the sheer quantity of oil they release at once — in other words, the concentration of oil they produce in one very localized part of the marine environment. The biggest oil spill in recent years (and the biggest ever spill in US waters) occurred when the tankerExxon Valdez  broke up in Prince William Sound in Alaska in 1989. Around 12 million gallons (44 million liters) of oil were released into the pristine wilderness—enough to fill your living room 800 times over! Estimates of the marine animals killed in the spill vary from approximately 1000 sea otters and 34,000 birds to as many as 2800 sea otters and 250,000 sea birds. Several billion salmon and herring eggs are also believed to have been destroyed. [pic] Photo: Oil-tanker spills are the most spectacular forms of pollution and the ones that catch public attention, but only a fraction of all water pollution happens this way. Photo courtesy of  US Fish Wildlife Service Photo Library. Plastics If you’ve ever taken part in a community beach clean, you’ll know that  plastic  is far and away the most common substance that washes up with the waves. There are three reasons for this: plastic is one of the most common materials, used for making virtually every kind of manufactured object from clothing to automobile parts; plastic is light and floats easily so it can travel enormous distances across the oceans; most plastics are not biodegradable (they do not break down naturally in the environment), which means that things like plastic bottle tops can survive in the marine environment for a long time. A plastic bottle can survive an estimated 450 years in the ocean and plastic fishing line can last up to 600 years. ) While plastics are not toxic in quite the same way as poisonous chemicals, they nevertheless present a major hazard to seabirds, fish, and other marine creatures. For example, plastic fishing lines and other debris can strangle or choke fis h. (This is sometimes called  ghost fishing. ) One scientific study in the 1980s estimated that a quarter of all seabirds contain some sort of plastic residue. In another study about a decade later, a scientist collected debris from a 1. mile length of beach in the remote Pitcairn islands in the South Pacific. His study recorded approximately a thousand pieces of garbage including 268 pieces of plastic, 71 plastic bottles, and two dolls heads. Alien species Most people’s idea of water pollution involves things like sewage, toxic metals, or oil slicks, but pollution can be biological as well as chemical. In some parts of the world, alien species are a major problem. Alien species (sometimes known as  invasive species) are animals or plants from one region that have been introduced into a different ecosystem where they do not belong. Outside their normal environment, they have no natural predators, so they rapidly run wild, crowding out the usual animals or plants that thrive there. Common examples of alien species include zebra mussels in the Great Lakes of the USA, which were carried there from Europe by ballast water (waste water flushed from  ships). The Mediterranean Sea has been invaded by a kind of alien algae called  Caulerpa taxifolia. In the Black Sea, an alien jellyfish called  Mnemiopsis leidyi  reduced fish stocks by 90% after arriving in ballast water. In San Francisco Bay, Asian clams called  Potamocorbula amurensis,  also introduced by ballast water, have dramatically altered the ecosystem. In 1999, Cornell University’s David Pimentel estimated that alien invaders like this cost the US economy $123 billion a year. [pic] Photo: Invasive species: Above:  Water hyacinth  crowding out a waterway around an old fence post. Photo by Steve Hillebrand. Below: Non-nativezebra mussels  clumped on a native mussel. Both photos courtesy of  US Fish Wildlife Service Photo Library. Other forms of pollution These are the most common forms of pollution—but by no means the only ones. Heat or  thermal pollution  from factories and power plants also causes problems in rivers. By raising the temperature, it reduces the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water, thus also reducing the level of aquatic life that the river can support. Another type of pollution involves the disruption of  sediments  (fine-grained powders) that flow from rivers into the sea. Dams built for hydroelectric power or water reservoirs can reduce the sediment flow. This reduces the formation of beaches, increases coastal erosion (the natural destruction of cliffs by the sea), and reduces the flow of nutrients from rivers into seas (potentially reducing coastal fish stocks). Increased sediments can also present a problem. During construction work, soil, rock, and other fine powders sometimes enters nearby rivers in large quantities, causing it to become turbid (muddy or silted). The extra sediment can block the gills of fish, effectively suffocating them. Construction firms often now take precautions to prevent this kind of pollution from happening. V. What are the effects of water pollution? Some people believe pollution is an inescapable result of human activity: they argue that if we want to have factories, cities, ships, cars, oil, and coastal resorts, some degree of pollution is almost certain to result. In other words, pollution is a necessary evil that people must put up with if they want to make progress. Fortunately, not everyone agrees with this view. One reason people have woken up to the problem of pollution is that it brings costs of its own that undermine any economic benefits that come about by polluting. Take oil spills, for example. They can happen if tankers are too poorly built to survive accidents at sea. But the economic benefit of compromising on tanker quality brings an economic cost when an oil spill occurs. The oil can wash up on nearby beaches, devastate the ecosystem, and severely affect tourism. The main problem is that the people who bear the cost of the spill (typically a small coastal community) are not the people who caused the problem in the first place (the people who operate the tanker). Yet, arguably, everyone who puts gasoline (petrol) into their car—or uses almost any kind of petroleum-fueled transport—contributes to the problem in some way. So oil spills are a problem for everyone, not just people who live by the coast and tanker operates. Sewage is another good example of how pollution can affect us all. Sewage discharged into coastal waters can wash up on beaches and cause a health hazard. People who bathe or  surf  in the water can fall ill if they swallow polluted water—yet sewage can have other harmful effects too: it can poison shellfish (such as cockles and mussels) that grow near the shore. People who eat poisoned shellfish risk suffering from an acute—and sometimes fatal—illness called paralytic shellfish poisoning. Shellfish is no longer caught along many shores because it is simply too polluted with sewage or toxic chemical wastes that have discharged from the land nearby. Pollution matters because it harms the environment on which people depend. The environment is not something distant and separate from our lives. It’s not a pretty shoreline hundreds of miles from our homes or a wilderness landscape that we see only on TV. The environment is everything that surrounds us that gives us life and health. Destroying the environment ultimately reduces the quality of our own lives—and that, most selfishly, is why pollution should matter to all of us. VI. How can we stop water pollution? There is no easy way to solve water pollution; if there were, it wouldn’t be so much of a problem. Broadly speaking, there are three different things that can help to tackle the problem—education, laws, and economics—and they work together as a team. Education Making people aware of the problem is the first step to solving it. In the early 1990s, when surfers in Britain grew tired of catching illnesses from water polluted with sewage, they formed a group called  Surfers Against Sewage  to force governments and water companies to clean up their act. People who’ve grown tired of walking the world’s polluted beaches often band together to organize community beach-cleaning sessions. Anglers who no longer catch so many fish have campaigned for tougher penalties against factories that pour pollution into our rivers. Greater public awareness can make a positive difference. Laws One of the biggest problems with water pollution is its transboundary nature. Many rivers cross countries, while seas span whole continents. Pollution discharged by factories in one country with poor environmental standards can cause problems in neighboring nations, even when they have tougher laws and higher standards. Environmental laws can make it tougher for people to pollute, but to be really effective they have to operate across national and international borders. This is why we have international laws governing the oceans, such as the 1982  UN Convention on the Law of the Sea  (signed by over 120 nations), the 1972  London (Dumping) Convention, the 1978  MARPOL International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, and the 1998  OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic. The European Union has water-protection laws (known as directives) that apply to all of its member states. They include the 1976Bathing Water Directive  (updated 2006), which seeks to ensure the quality of the waters that people use for recreation. Most countries also have their own water pollution laws. In the United States, for example, there is the 1972  Clean Water Act  and the 1974  Safe Drinking sWater Act. Economics Most environmental experts agree that the best way to tackle pollution is through something called the  polluter pays principle. This means that whoever causes pollution should have to pay to clean it up, one way or another. Polluter pays can operate in all kinds of ways. It could mean that tanker owners should have to take out insurance that covers the cost of oil spill cleanups, for example. It could also mean that shoppers should have to pay for their plastic grocery bags, as is now common in Ireland, to encourage  recycling  and minimize waste. Or it could mean that factories that use rivers must have their water inlet pipes downstream of their effluent outflow pipes, so if they cause pollution they themselves are the first people to suffer. Ultimately, the polluter pays principle is designed to deter people from polluting by making it less expensive for them to behave in an environmentally responsible way. VII. Our clean future Life is ultimately about choices—and so is pollution. We can live with sewage-strewn beaches, dead rivers, and fish that are too poisonous to eat. Or we can work together to keep the environment clean so the plants, animals, and people who depend on it remain healthy. We can take individ, by using environmentally friendly  detergents, not pouring oil down drains, reducing pesticides, and so on. We can take community action too, by helping out on beach cleans or litter picks to keep our rivers and seas that little bit cleaner. And we can take action as countries and continents to pass laws that will make pollution harder ual action to help reduce water pollution, for example and the world less polluted. Working together, we can make pollution less of a problem—and the world a better place. References: 1. ‘Pollution: Causes, Effects and Control ‘by Roy Harrison -Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001. 2. Introduction to Environmental Science 12th edition by Cunningham, 2012. 3. Website :www. water-pollution. org. uk How to cite Water Pollution, Essay examples Water Pollution Free Essays Water pollution is when a body of water is adversely affected due to the addition of large amounts of materials to the water. (www. imbgnet. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution or any similar topic only for you Order Now net) There are four types of water pollutions and I’m going to describe each one of them. I’m also going to tell you the solutions that I can up with and how I’m going to get the government and people involved to help. It is a lot of things that we don’t know about water pollution and how bad it is for our health. Every year, 14 billion pounds of sewage, sludge, and garbage are dump into the water. (www. hinkquest. com) Nineteen trillion gallons of waste also enter the water annually and it is a hard thing to clean up. The first type of water pollution I’m going to talk about is Toxic substance; which is a chemical pollutant that is not a naturally occurring substance. This is what we would call man made material that we dump into the water every day. The second one is Organic substance that occurs when an excess of organic matter such as manure or sewage enters the water. This is a natural thing that we as humans can try to stop at a point in time. Water pollution is a point and a non point source pollution in which we are a big factor of. The point source is the waste that we put into the water every day and the way we store the waste that we use. The non point source is like the sewage we dump and we know that we are doing it. One of the ways that we are putting waste into the water is being on the cruise ships. They are dumping the sewage, bath water, and the other material into the ocean. It is killing all of the food and making us sick on a day to day living. Water pollution is one of the worst things that we should ever let happen in the world. Most countries can’t drink or take baths in the water without boiling it first. The non living things that contribute to the cause of water pollution are all the things that we as humans make or use. The thing that we use in everyday living is a big part of the pollution problem. The living things that are affected by this are the people and animals that need the water to survive. People we need the water to do almost everything that we do when we get up in the morning. We have to drink this water, baths with it, and cook with it every day. We should be careful about the thing that we do and how we do it. The more that we pollute the water the more living things will die and our food supply will be cut out. Thermal pollution is the third one I’m going to talk about it occurs when water is used as a coolant near a power or industrial plant. The water is returned to the environment at a higher temperature than it was originally. Some plants treat the water before it is released back into the environment, but they forget to let it cool down before they release it back. Ecological pollution takes place when chemical pollution, organic pollution, or thermal pollution is cause by natural than by human activity. Water pollution is increasingly becoming a large problem that humans con confront. Water is the most valuable resource. Just think of how much humans dependent on clean water. Water is more valuable than gold, can we go a day, week, year without, gold or water? The fact is we drink the water, we use it irrigation for farm fields, cooking, washing clothes, flushing toilets, and industrial process requires water to function. The earth’s surface is covered by 70% water, why fuss of protect water? Only 3% of all water is fresh and drinkable and that 75% is frozen, which leaves a grand total of 1% of the Earth’s surface water is readily available for consumption. Taking the fact into account, one can see why the conservation and protection of our remaining water supply is vital. Water pollution can be stopped, sources of the pollution must be known. Solution is like people, each one is complex as well different. Every part time environmentalist can have a solution to any environmental problem ails this planet. That is not to say that they are always right. We as humans play a major part into what goes into the water and how it gets there. We might not think that we are doing it, but we are. I think that since we realize that we are doing it we can find a way to stop it. The first thing that we need to do is get the big wigs to join in, but before I get into that we are going to talk a little more about water pollution. I think that we can find a better way to store the waste that some of the plants are using. Conversely, are not always wrong either. The solution is the first part, making the solution a reality is second. Water pollution is a problem most everyone would agree does exist. Individuals can do a lot to help with the water pollution problems and aid in the water pollution solutions. By buying organic food and green household cleaners and personal care items to prevent the run off of chemical into ground water. Many pharmaceuticals are eliminated as possible and stay away from meats and the raising used of hormones and drugs. It is important to properly dispose of any paints and varnishes. To implement water pollution solutions is to use less plastics and plastic products and not to litter. Water pollution solutions are very affordable to put into effect. The Unite State research Council has estimated that to do initial clean-up of all contaminated groundwater is over 300,000 sites across the United States it will cost $1 trillion dollars over the course of thirty years. It would average out to 33 cents per person per day. To reestablishing wetlands is to act as a buffer zone to runoff and to assist in filtering pollutants. Less drive to reduce the amount of air pollution being emitted into the environment and minimize the amount of nitrogen deposition. To improve the sewage treatment system to stop the leaks in the pipes. Conserve water, improve storm water management. Monitor watershed. Stop deforestation to soak up the rain water and prevent runoff from occurring. The best water pollution solutions are simply to pressure our government officials here in the United States, to enforce the environmental protections already on the books. The laws is important, if the elected officials is not properly fund enforcement measures and these agencies with those individuals who is committed to protected the environment, and the laws isn’t worth the recycled paper it’s written on. If we can get the government to become a big part in the clean up then we will make a great impact on the world. We will just need the government to help fund the clean up and make sure that we wouldn’t have to do it again. I think that if the government make the law sick then we want have to reclean the water ever again. I think that the benefits will best suit the living things that use the water every day and need it to survive. We want get sick, need to boil it, and we want have to worry about what’s in it. We also want have to worry about the food that we get out of the water having something or dying off. The animals in the world won’t die off so quickly and they won’t have to find water to drink. I think that the challenges will be to get the government involve and the people involved. I think that the most that we will get out of them both is half and that will be a good start. For the most part will be to get the funding for the cleanup and a place to store all the waste that we get out of the water. When it is all said and done we will be able to see a new change in the water. We will be able to look clear through the water and see all the way to the bottom. I think that with the help of every one we can make this happen and at the end we can be ever proud of ourselves. I think that with all the planning and the solutions that we can make it happen before the year is out. It will take a lot of hard work and time, but as a big group we can make it all worth wide at the end. We should look at what this will mean to all living things and how much it will change the world. We can leave this and show the kids to come how beautiful the world can be. We can save many lives and protect the kids of the future America. It will be even better if I can get a least three hundred people from each country to help out right along with their government. The government plays a big part and I will make sure that they understand it to the fullest. I think that we can make a difference in the world if we just put our mind to it. We can’t let the water that we use every day continue to be like this and making us sick. We need to put our foot down and tell them no more with an attitude attached to it. We should take a stand and let the others know that we will not take it anymore. We need to tell them that it is time for a change and the change is now. We need to stand up as one and show the people who are polluting the waters that we will not take any more of this. We need to come up with a way to make this stick and make sure it is there to stay. I think that we can do it and get everyone involves to make this dream a reality for all those to come and the ones that are here to stay. How to cite Water Pollution, Essay examples

Carrot and Stick Motivation The Engages Employees

Question: Describe about the Carrot and Stick Motivation for The Engages Employees. Answer: Introduction The principle of using recognition to engage employees, to accelerate performance and retain talent is termed as CARROT motivation. This motivation theory asserts in motivating employees or people in getting desired behavior. The rewards can be in the form of promotion, money and non financial benefits as time off. (Gostick, Chester,2008), (Gostick, A R Chester E, 2007). These managers achieve productivity, retention of their employees, engagement of the employees and customer satisfaction by following the culture of recognition. The results of the numerous studies conducted worldwide have showed that, dramatic results are obtained when employees are offered meaningful rewards and constructive praise. Purpose based recognition helps in producing exceptional results. In an organisation, the carrot motivation is the use of purpose based recognition to achieve success. There is another understanding that amounts of cash rewards are easily forgotten but recognizing employee contributio n and praising them for the effort always work. (Aggarwal, Simskins, 2001) The stick principle of motivation is about punishments or negative reinforcement to be effective in improving performance. Some studies do support this belief, as it is found that evolution has taught humans to avoid punishments. This is derived from the traditional belief that beating the beast to carry the burden will motivate the beast to move faster as it will try to avoid the pain given by the stick. The stick motivation in an organisation is the use of fear for an instantaneous compliance to the organisation policies and desired result. The Stick in an organisation can be reprimanding employees, scolding them and shaming them that they can lose their job. However fear as a motivation in an organisation can be stressful for the employees. Literature Review Carrot and stick motivation is a form of traditional theory of motivating people with rewards such as promotion, threats, fear, money, non-financial benefits and financial benefits to elicit the desired result or behavior. This type of motivation is based on the principle of reinforcement as explained by philosopher Jeremy Bentham. It is derived from the story of a donkey that moves the cart when a carrot is hung in front of him and the owner jabs him with a stick. In this story the carrot is the REWARD whereas the stick is the PUNISHMENT. It takes advantage of the basic emotions of fear and desire in humans. In an organisation an employee can be rewarded for working efficiently and can be punished for non performance. Carrot and stick motivation works well for managers who understand that their employees have different personalities and therefore they respond in a different way to the attempts to motivate them. Whereas some employees can be rewarded with a promotion, leisure time or more money while some will only respond well to threats of getting fired. Both the ways have been proven to be extremely successful in motivating the employees to get the task done. Managers should question themselves before motivating an employee; will bribe works well for him or threatening does?( Bass, 2008) Carrot motivation can work well in long term for an organisation as people contribute more when they are offered incentives. Studies have showed that the managers who used recognition and incentives as carrots for their employees had lower rates of turnover as employees reported to be feeling informed and appreciated and these managers also achieved higher business results. Tangible benefits such as paid holidays, bonuses and intangible benefits such as job rotation work to harness the full potential of todays workers. Motivation can be understood as a force that directs, energizes and sustains the efforts of a person. The question that arises frequently for organisation is what will be the best CARROT?. Managers have to ask themselves will Money be always being a good motivator. Well money will always be needed by employees to feed, house and clothe themselves and their families. But it is not always the best motivator for all. In todays organisations the CARROTS and STICKS are both sophisticated (Jex, Britt, 2008). The organisations cannot simply rely on money being a good carrot for their employees as money based motivation ends when an employee completes the target that is needed to get the extra money. Carrot motivation can also be advantageous to the organisation when it prevents employee turnover. From the survey that was conducted by Professor Etsu Inaba from the Asian Institute of Management it was learnt that many employees chose to stay with their company even when they were getting 30% to 50% higher salaries with their companys competitors. The reasons they gave to stay with their companies were growth potential, career development plan and professionalism in their current company (Stroh, 2007). Therefore it can be denoted that money is not always a good CARROT but various other incentives and rewards can be used to retain and motivate the employees. (Munchinsky, 2012) Discussion Carrot motivation works, as in the age of relentless market management and change control and command does not work for long. People are more productive when they are motivated with incentives. Incentives and rewards have benefits for employers and employees both. When the employees are recognized for their performance they experience a boost in their morale. This gives rise to job satisfaction and their involvement in organisation work. Incentives can be non monetary, employee recognition, employee assistance and monetary benefits (Turner, Barling, Epitropaki, Butcher Milner, 2002). Employees are the most vital resource of the organisational competitiveness and retaining employees from competitions can be intense. Rewards if used effectively can retain employees that will save the talent and skills in the organisation. This increases their satisfaction with the work and their commitment towards the organisation. Carrot motivation is about rewards and incentives which in turn increas e loyalty and performance of the employees towards the organisational goals. This is the primary cause why carrot motivation is being supported and practiced by many companies. According to Armstrong the reward management deals with processes, policies and strategies that are required to ensure that peoples contributions and peoples value are used to develop the organisation. Armstrong also adds that rewards provide the means to recognize merit, achievement and competence. This notion cements the belief that rewards contribute in creation of a high performance culture. (Norton, 2010) Quick fix approach may work for a short period in an organisation but not in the long run. This practice pits employees against each other in competition rather than promoting teamwork. In an attempt to motivate and energize employees towards extraordinary performance, managers can get too strict. This ominously named STICK approach does not always work well in an organisation, as this type of motivation is extrinsic motivation which means it only occurs when the motivator is present. The organisation will be successful when people work hard to make it successful not due to the fear of punishment. (Soo Jung Jang, 2010). Sanctions and formal reprimands for shortfalls in work and performance will act as bullying tactic and will demoralize people. Companies hire employees for their strengths but in this approach they manage them through their weaknesses. This leads to indiscrimination and sap the positivity out of the job. Employees feel stressful and unvalued in their work environment which is just the opposite of the desired results. This type of motivation leads to I have to mentality rather than I want to mentality that are needed by an organisation. (Pierce, Cameron, Banko, So, 2003). The negative stimulus in the case of stick motivation will drive an employee to make a decision from a more narrow business driven framework rather than opting for a ethical decision making process. The long term affects of STICK motivation is, resentment in employees which causes decrease in their job satisfaction. Conclusion Modern management is all about techniques that motivate the employees by carrot and stick motivation. Either it is advertising the reward systems to hire and recruit fresh talent or to retain the skillful employees. Happy employees can identify themselves with the organisation (Pinder, 2008). These motivational techniques make the use of the most basic human desires of fear and desire. The carrot hits the score for desire whereas the stick is doing the same for fear. Managers and organisations have to learn the skills to motivate the employees as this will keep them a step ahead from their competitors. These employees will be happy and motivated which will add to their productivity and to the success of the company (Schultz, 2010). Both ways of motivation are extremely successful in motivating the employees but the stick approach is fraught with danger. This approach can give opposite of the desired effect, if the employees rebel against the management. A strong well structured, well managed and well planned strategy to motivate employees is needed by the organisation which results in committed and enthusiastic employees. Managers have to realize that they do not work in a vacuum but should ensure that employees around them are praised and recognized for their efforts. Creating a carrot culture is crucial for an organisation as in this environment the employees feel appreciated and valued which helps them to contribute to their growing organisation. This passion to contribute for the organisation depends on the right award and the right reward should be tailored according to the needs of the employees of the organisation. References Aggarwal, R Simskins, B.J, 2001, Open-boon management - Optimizing human capital, Business Horizons, 44(5): 513 Bass, B, 2008,Bass Stogdill's Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research Managerial Applications, 4th ed, New York, NY: The Free Press Deckers, L, 2010, Motivation; Biological, Psychological and Environmental, 3rd ed., Boston, MA: Pearson Gostick, A Chester E,2008, Gulerodsmetoden. 1st ed. Kbh.: People'sPress, Gostick, A R Chester E, 2007,The Carrot Principle, 1st ed, New York: Free Press Jex, S.M. Britt, T.W, 2008, Organizational Psychology, Hoboke, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc Norton, J, 2010, "Interview With Michael Armstrong, Co Author Of Evidence Based Reward Management".Human Resource Management International Digest18.7 : 41-43. Munchinsky, P M, 2012, Psychology Applied to Work, Summerfield, North Carolina: Hypergraph Press, Inc Turner, N.; Barling, J.; Epitropaki, O.; Butcher, V.; Milner, C, 2002 , Transformational leadership and moral reasoning,Journal of Applied Psychology,87(2): 304311. Pierce, W.D.; Cameron, J.; Banko, K.M.; So, S, 2003, Positive effects of rewards and performance standards on intrinsic motivation, The Psychology Record. pp.561579 Pinder, C. C, 2008, Work motivation in organizational behavior, 2nd edition, New York: Psychology Press Schultz D, 2010, Psychology and work today. New York: Prentice Hall. pp.164 Schultz, D P. Sydney E, 2010,Psychology and work today: an introduction to industrial and organizational psychology, 10th ed, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall Soo Jung Jang, R.P, 2010, "The interaction effects of scheduling control and work-life balance programs on job satisfaction and mental health", International Journal of Social Welfare, pp.135143 Stroh, K.S, 2007, "Flexible schedules make powerful perks", Flextime: Myth or Reality?, pp.1214